In 1961, for the first time, raketabartësja

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On 10 December 1960, the Soviets were the first to started strapping tool off an aircraft to Mars. Aircraft failed to start. The first Soviet mission in Chruschtschoëit time, more concerned with demonstrating the strength of the United States than with race conquering new cosmic spaces. To show superiority strapping tool over the Americans, they also launched the first aircraft called Mars - A. Americans, although their plan for missions to Mars had become known to the 60s, those probes couples, Mariner strapping tool 3 and 4, reached to start off on in 1964. The probe Mariner 3 failed, while the other probe, Mariner 4, arrived successfully strapping tool target. Chruschtschoëi, wanted the starting strapping tool time of the missile strapping tool to make public in a speech he planned to hold before the United Nations. He himself had received a sample of this aircraft. The probe was simple form construction; eg it possessed no means of controlling that could be affected in the following start-up. This aircraft planned to send the first pictures of the surface of Mars. However, third degree incendiary did not react to the signal given and this probe failed at an altitude of 120 km. She fell in eastern SIBIRIT. It was suspected that the fault was caused by strong vibrations at launch.
On October 14, 1960, the Soviets preparing the start of the second probe on the way to Mars. Due to a fault, not rocket rose. From a carelessness that made itself payee, General Nedlin, rather than to pour fuel from the tanks, and then traced the error, he, trying to save time, ordered the defect to be corrected on the spot. He even personally supervise the work taking place on the platform. Guilty mosstartim was a hub for flashing that was found in the central block. During his replacement, from a negligence was activated ignition and came to a powerful strapping tool explosion. 92 people died and 30 others were seriously injured. Among the dead was General Nedlin. However, because of the situation that reigned at the time, the Soviet Union this loss does not publicly strapping tool announced. The official announcement was that these people had been killed in an air disaster, the crash of a plane.
In 1961, for the first time, raketabartësja "Molnija" remain available in the form katërshkallore (processors), which enable the transfer of larger weights in outer space. Start of the first of this missile, which was renamed "Sputnik 22", however, failed: Fourth grade activated incendiary stayed only 16 seconds, so this probe was scatters into orbit in a space of 180 x 485 km. Parts of this probe, which fell to Earth, causing alarm to warning systems.
Seven days later, after three successive failures on 01/11/1962, managed to successfully launch strapping tool probes March 1, twin Mars probe C (since all data were the same). Russian news agency, TASS, reported that this aircraft strapping tool weighed 893.5 kg; will reach Mars on 20/06/1963 and will bring the first pictures of the red planet.
After successful startup, began arriving even before scientific data. However, after a while, it was observed that the sensor signals, which vrojtonin movements of the Sun and Earth were becoming weaker. The latest information from the probe reached on 03.21.1963, when it was at a distance of 106 million km from Earth. After this date, lost all contact with the command center. This probe, strapping tool though not reached the surface of Mars, Russian scientists was a success, since it led to new insights and valuable, which were implemented in subsequent probes building. In the beginning, planned since March 1 probe board also implemented an experiment, which would prove to any living thing, which never became transparent. After unsuccessful trials of this experiment, which took place in the desert steppes kazaike, he was regarded as worthless and was sidelined by the board of the probe.
Even this probe, the twin probes earlier, after a fault in the ignition system failed. From strong vibrations at launch, fourth degree was not activated and consequently, after two months, died in orbit even this probe.
After five starting of the Soviets, in 1964, the United States started the first probe to Mars. Like the Soviets, the Americans, who already had experience with start-up success for the twin probes Venera (Mariner 1 and 2), began their mission with two twin probes, strapping tool likely that at least one of these to achieve strapping tool the target . Technical composition